Posted 2014-July-11, 09:52
On the question of "implies" versus "shows," this is a more interesting discussion, perhaps, than is obvious.
The semantics themselves are somewhat a matter of choice, as a control that is implied is normally there just as much as if it was shown. Normally, an implication arises from a necessary conclusion. As mentioned, the implication is solid if the prior 4♦ absolutely denied a club control.
If, in contrast, all cues are flexible judgment calls, where 4♦ implies but does not deny a club control, then 4♠ logically could also imply but not deny a club control. This seems like bad bridge, because both sides could imply but not deny a control and then go for a two-trick set in the slam.
Another completely different possibility in explaining the nuance, however, as to 4♠ "implying" or "showing" a club control is tied to the status of the spade control. If 4♠ is a true re-cue, then one could say that 4♠ definitionally "shows" a spade feature (beyond that already shown) but necessarily "implies" the club control. In contrast, 4♠ might say nothing about spades, being instead a surrogate for "showing" a club control more efficiently.
A perhaps better example would be if spades were trumps and the last cue 4♥. Say, 1♠-P-3♠-P-3NT(please cue)-P-4♦-P-4♥. In this sequence, 4♥ in most partnerships "shows" a club control but says nothing about hearts. It "shows" a club control, rather than "implying" a club control, because there is nothing said about hearts. Had 4♥ "shown" a heart control, then the club control would be "implied."
In the actual auction presented, it seemed to me that 4♠ would not be a classic cuebid of spades, implying control of clubs. Rather, it would be a club cuebid made below 4NT, showing a club control but saying nothing more about spades. As opposed to "Last Train," the 4♠ cue would be as a friend described "Train Has Left the Building," a generic invitational cue of the club suit expressing that all suits are controlled but either not enough use RKCB effectively (suggesting a possible 5♥ signoff) or, in some partnerships, a desire to answer rather than ask.
"Gibberish in, gibberish out. A trial judge, three sets of lawyers, and now three appellate judges cannot agree on what this law means. And we ask police officers, prosecutors, defense lawyers, and citizens to enforce or abide by it? The legislature continues to write unreadable statutes. Gibberish should not be enforced as law."
-P.J. Painter.